DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS AND OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF ANTARCTIC ASTEROIDS
Keywords:
Sea star, Antioxidants, ROS, Antarctica, Brooding, Free living larvaAbstract
Las estrellas de mar presentan diferentes patrones de desarrollo que incluyen desarrollo indirecto y directo, larvas pelágicas o bentónicas y nutrición planctotrófica o lecitotrófica. El objetivo es estudiar los parámetros generales del metabolismo oxidativo durante la madurez gonadal en asteroides antárticos con diferentes patrones de desarrollo. Se realizó un muestreo de verano en 2012 en la Península Antártica. Cada asteroide fue identificado taxonómicamente y se estableció su patrón de desarrollo. Se determinó el sexo y el estadio reproductivo mediante análisis histológico. Se determinaron los parámetros generales del metabolismo oxidativo en ovarios maduros: especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) y capacidad antioxidante total (CAT). Se realizó prueba ANOVA o prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis. Los patrones de desarrollo con crianza interna u oral presentaron menor producción de ROS que aquellos con estrategia difusora. El patrón de larva planctotrófica de vida libre presentó una CAT menor que ambos tipos de patrones de crianza. Los patrones de desarrollo de larva lecitotrófica de vida libre y larva lecitotrófica facultativa presentaron valores intermedios de CAT pero no mostraron diferencias significativas. Concluimos que aquellas especies cuyas crías adquieren rápidamente la capacidad de alimentarse durante el desarrollo (larvas planctotróficas) presentan TAC bajo y ROS elevado en comparación con las especies que no se alimentan durante su desarrollo, las cuales recibirán mayor aporte materno de antioxidantes, reduciendo los niveles de ROS. Estas estrategias de nutrición materna (lecitotrofia y/o crianza) garantizan ovocitos de mejor calidad y mayor fitness en las crías que aquellas desprotegidas.
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